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There are eight essential B vitamins that are important for maintaining good health and preventing deficiencies. These vitamins, which include B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin), B5 (pantothenic acid), B6 (pyridoxine), B7 (biotin), B9 (folate), and B12 (cobalamin), must be obtained from the diet because the body cannot produce them. B vitamins are water-soluble, meaning they dissolve easily in the blood, and excess is excreted in the urine, making it difficult to overdose on them. Examples of fat-soluble vitamins, which are stored in the body's fat tissue and can accumulate to potentially toxic levels if consumed in excess, are vitamins A, D, E, and K. B vitamins play a role in various metabolic processes, including carbohydrates, protein, and fat metabolism, and the active forms of these vitamins are needed for them to function properly in the body. B3 (niacin) is important for the production of NAD and NADP, which are used in the production of energy in the form of ATP, while B6 (pyridoxine) in the form of PLP plays a role in amino acid metabolism and the synthesis of neurotransmitters. B vitamins can be found in a variety of foods, including meats, dairy products, vegetables, and grains, and are also available in supplement form.